Data protection · DPO
No automatic civil liability of the DPO for cyber fraud suffered by the client company
Case note on Court of Florence, judgment no. 3034/2026.Avv. Davide Cicu · Diritto e Giustizia
June 25, 2026 Read on Diritto e Giustizia ↗
Cicu Law Firm & Partners grew out of the meeting of three careers — in legal practice, in public institutions and in academic research. Experience that translates into assistance tailored to each Client.
Civil and administrative litigation at every stage and instance, from the pre-litigation phase through to enforcement.
Investment projects and production sites, public and private incentives, the single Special Economic Zone, partnerships and project development.
AI Act and Italian Law 132/2025 compliance, AI literacy, policies, processes and AI governance procedures.
Data governance, GDPR compliance, DPO appointments, data breaches, protection of data subject rights.
Corporate governance, shareholders' agreements, extraordinary transactions and due diligence, commercial contracts.
Public and private works contracts, the performance phase, the Technical Advisory Board, civil litigation and tender disputes.
Advice on and updating of organisation and management models and of the related procedures, and support to supervisory bodies.
The Firm draws on a settled network of partners, whose work it coordinates.
The Firm
Cicu Law Firm & Partners is a firm created by its partners Avv. Salvatore Cicu (LinkedIn), Avv. Davide Cicu (LinkedIn) and Avv. G. Claudio Cicu (LinkedIn), who practise throughout Italy from offices in Milan and Rome.
The experience its lawyers have gained in legal practice, in public institutions and in university research, together with their training in both law and economics, allows them to address each question in its organisational, technological and industrial dimensions as well as its legal one.
The Firm combines experience in civil and administrative litigation with expertise in data protection, in the regulation of artificial intelligence and in business development. It assists individuals, companies and public bodies in the protection of their rights, and supports companies and investors in carrying out their projects, in obtaining public and private support and in settling their partnerships.
Every engagement is handled directly by the Firm’s lawyers, who remain in constant dialogue with the Client both in settling the strategy and in the course of the work.
Where the client so requests, the Firm draws on a settled network of trusted professionals: correspondent lawyers in other jurisdictions, technical consultants, accountants and auditors, and specialists in information security and in business organisation. Coordination remains with the Firm, and the client keeps a single point of contact: the lawyer who accepted the engagement.
The founders
The Firm
Civil and administrative litigation at every stage and instance, from the pre-litigation phase through to enforcement.
Investment projects and production sites, public and private incentives, the single Special Economic Zone, partnerships and project development.
AI Act and Italian Law 132/2025 compliance, AI literacy, policies, processes and AI governance procedures.
Data governance, GDPR compliance, DPO appointments, data breaches, protection of data subject rights.
Corporate governance, shareholders' agreements, extraordinary transactions and due diligence, commercial contracts.
Public and private works contracts, the performance phase, the Technical Advisory Board, civil litigation and tender disputes.
Advice on and updating of organisation and management models and of the related procedures, and support to supervisory bodies.
The Firm draws on a settled network of partners, whose work it coordinates.
The Firm follows and comments on the judgments and the news that matter to its practice areas. Here are the case notes, the contributions and the academic articles written by its lawyers.
3 contributions
Data protection · DPO
Case note on Court of Florence, judgment no. 3034/2026.Avv. Davide Cicu · Diritto e Giustizia
June 25, 2026 Read on Diritto e Giustizia ↗
Data protection · Academic article
Data protection and AI compliance in health research: a relevant resource for institutions and companies against algorithmic vulnerability — BioLaw Journal – Rivista di BioDiritto, 1S/2024, DOI 10.15168/2284-4503-3308.Avv. G. Claudio Cicu, with R. M. Colangelo and L. Saba · BioLaw Journal
December 13, 2024 Read on BioLaw Journal ↗
Artificial intelligence · Academic article
Bridging Traditional Corporate Governance and Technology: the ‘AI Corporate Design’ Framework to Computational Corporate Governance Model — The Italian Law Journal, vol. 10, nos. 1-2, 2024.Avv. G. Claudio Cicu · The Italian Law Journal
No contribution matches your search.
Notice
Notice on the processing of the personal data of users of this website, given pursuant to Articles 13 and 14 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679.
Cicu Law Firm & Partners is a shared mark and is not, as such, a legal person. The data collected through this website are processed under joint controllership, pursuant to Article 26 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679, by the lawyers who practise under the mark:
The joint controllers have determined, in a transparent manner and by means of an internal arrangement, their respective responsibilities for compliance with the obligations arising under the Regulation, with particular regard to the exercise of data subject rights and to the information to be provided under Articles 13 and 14. The essence of the arrangement is made available to any data subject who requests it, pursuant to Article 26(2) of the Regulation.
Data subjects may in any event exercise their rights in respect of and against each of the joint controllers, pursuant to Article 26(3) of the Regulation.
For any matter concerning the processing of personal data and for the exercise of data subject rights, you may write to info@clfp.it or call +39 02 8111 7993.
This website does not call for the provision of special categories of data. Please do not enter in the contact form information concerning health, legal proceedings or other special categories of data: where such data are required, they will be collected in the course of the professional relationship, with the safeguards proper to that context.
The data are not used for marketing purposes, nor for sending promotional communications.
Processing carried out in the practice of the legal profession is in every case covered by professional secrecy, pursuant to Article 9(3) GDPR and to the rules of professional conduct.
The provision of browsing data is necessary for the website to function. The provision of the data requested in the contact form is voluntary, but the fields marked as required are indispensable in order to reply: without them the request cannot be answered.
The data are processed by the Firm's lawyers and staff, who are authorised to process them and bound by professional secrecy.
Processors. The data may be disclosed to parties acting as processors within the meaning of Article 28 of the Regulation, appointed by a specific instrument:
Recipients acting as independent controllers. The data may also be disclosed, within the limits of the performance of the engagement and of legal obligations, to parties that independently determine the purposes and means of the processing and therefore do not act as processors:
The data are in no case disseminated, nor transferred to third parties for commercial purposes.
The data are stored on servers located within the European Union. No transfers to third countries are envisaged; should any become necessary, they will take place solely on the basis of an adequacy decision of the European Commission or of appropriate safeguards within the meaning of Articles 46 et seq. of the Regulation, and notice of them will be given in this privacy notice.
| Data | Retention |
|---|---|
| Browsing data | Erased or anonymised within seven days, save where offences are being investigated. |
| Contact requests not followed up | Twelve months from the last contact. |
| Data relating to an engagement accepted | For the duration of the relationship and, thereafter, for as long as is necessary for the defence of legal claims and for compliance with record-keeping obligations, ordinarily ten years pursuant to Article 2220 of the Italian Civil Code. |
Within the limits and on the conditions laid down by Articles 15 to 22 of the Regulation, data subjects may exercise the right of access to their data, and the rights to rectification, erasure, restriction of processing and data portability, as well as the right to object to processing based on legitimate interests.
The exercise of these rights may be subject to the limits laid down by Article 2-undecies of the Italian Data Protection Code where responding would cause actual and concrete prejudice to the conduct of defensive investigations or to the exercise of a legal claim before the courts.
Requests should be sent to info@clfp.it. A reply is given without undue delay and in any event within one month of receipt.
A data subject who considers that the processing of their data is unlawful has the right to lodge a complaint with the Italian Data Protection Authority (Garante per la protezione dei dati personali), pursuant to Article 77 of the Regulation, in the manner indicated on that Authority's website, or to bring proceedings before the courts.
The website is served over HTTPS and the data are protected by technical and organisational measures appropriate to the risk, pursuant to Article 32 of the Regulation.
No automated decision-making, including profiling, within the meaning of Article 22 of the Regulation is carried out.
This privacy notice may be updated to reflect changes in the law or in the services offered through the website. The version in force is the one published on this page, together with its date.
Version of 11 September 2026.
Notice
Which tracking technologies this website uses, for what purposes and how to manage them, pursuant to Article 122 of the Italian Data Protection Code and to the Guidelines of the Italian Data Protection Authority of 10 June 2021.
Cookies are small text files that the websites you visit send to your device, where they are stored and from which they are sent back on your next visit. Alongside cookies there are other tracking technologies with a similar function, to which the same rules apply.
The matter is governed by Article 122 of the Italian Data Protection Code (Legislative Decree 196/2003, as amended) and by the Guidelines of the Italian Data Protection Authority of 10 June 2021.
This website installs no cookies. It stores a single item of information in your browser, using local storage (localStorage):
| Name | Purpose | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| clfp-tema | Records your choice between the light and dark display, so that you need not repeat it on every visit. | Until the website's data are cleared from the browser |
This item of information does not allow you to be identified, is not transmitted to any server — not even to the Firm's own — and is not combined with any other data. As it is a technology strictly necessary to provide a functionality you have requested, no consent is required under Article 122(1) of the Italian Data Protection Code: that is why no banner appears.
Sending the contact form may involve the use of technical session cookies, generated by the server for the sole purpose of ensuring the transmission of the communication and the security of the operation. They last only for the session, do not persist once the browser is closed and likewise fall among the technologies exempt from consent under Article 122(1) of the Italian Data Protection Code.
This website uses no profiling cookies, whether its own or third parties', and allows no third party to install tracking technologies through its pages.
There are no social media sharing buttons that install cookies, nor any content embedded from external platforms such as videos or maps.
The typefaces are embedded in the pages and served from the Firm's own domain: displaying them involves no request to any third-party server and therefore no disclosure of your IP address to anyone other than the joint controllers.
This website contains links to external pages — among them the journals hosting the contributions referred to in the Insights section and the lawyers' LinkedIn profiles. Those pages are governed by their own privacy notices, for which the joint controllers are not answerable: their cookies are installed only if you choose to follow the link.
At present this website uses no statistics or audience measurement tools, whether its own or third parties'. The controllers hold, through this website, no data whatever on the behaviour of individual users.
Should such tools be introduced in future, the joint controllers will first update this notice. Your prior consent, collected by means of an appropriate banner, will be sought in every case in which the tool is not equivalent to a technical cookie according to the Italian Data Protection Authority's guidance, that is, whenever any one of the conditions those guidelines require is not met: minimisation of the IP address, no combination with other processing operations and no disclosure to third parties.
You may at any time review, restrict or delete the cookies and the information stored by your browser through its settings, ordinarily found under the heading relating to privacy or to website data. Detailed instructions are published by the manufacturers in their respective browser guides.
Removing the item of information described above means only that the choice between the light and dark display reverts to its default. Disabling technical cookies may, by contrast, impair the functioning of parts of this website.
Any data collected by means of the technologies described above are processed under joint controllership, pursuant to Article 26 of Regulation (EU) 2016/679, by Avv. Salvatore Cicu, Avv. Davide Cicu and Avv. G. Claudio Cicu, who practise under the mark Cicu Law Firm & Partners — info@clfp.it.
For any further information on the processing of personal data, on the legal bases, on retention periods and on data subject rights, please see the privacy policy.
This notice may be updated to reflect changes in the law or in the functionalities offered through the website. The version in force is the one published on this page, together with its date.
Version of 24 September 2026.
Write to us
Your message is addressed to info@clfp.it. One of the Firm’s lawyers will reply to you.
Thank you. We have received your message and will reply to the address you provided.
Largo Augusto 7
20122 Milan, Italy
Corso Vittorio Emanuele 142
00186 Rome, Italy
The information on this website is provided for information purposes only. It does not constitute legal advice, nor any solicitation of professional engagements, within the meaning of Article 35 of the Italian Bar Code of Conduct.